What are Capital Flows?

Capital Flow
Forex Trading Glossary

Quick Answer: Capital flows track money moving across borders for trade and investment, creating sustained demand for a currency.

What are Capital Flows?

Capital flows measure money moving across borders for investment, trade, or speculation. Sustained inflows create demand for a currency because investors must purchase the local unit to buy domestic assets.

Types of Flows

  • Foreign direct investment: Companies building facilities overseas.
  • Portfolio flows: Global investors buying bonds and equities.
  • Hot money: Short-term speculative flows that react quickly to yield changes.
  • Official flows: Central-bank reserve diversification.

FX Impact

High-yielding economies often experience persistent capital inflows, providing a structural bid for their currency.

Monitoring Capital Flows

  • Balance of payments: Review current and capital account data each quarter.
  • Bond auctions: Track foreign participation in sovereign debt sales.
  • Equity performance: Global funds chase markets with strong corporate earnings.
  • Policy changes: Taxes and capital controls can redirect flows overnight.

Learn More About Forex Trading

Now that you understand capital flow, explore our comprehensive guides: