What is Monetary Policy?

Monetary Policy
Forex Trading Glossary

Quick Answer: Monetary policy is the central bank’s use of interest rates, balance sheet tools, and guidance to manage inflation, employment, and financial stability.

Understanding Monetary Policy

Monetary policy is the central bank's toolkit—interest rates, asset purchases, forward guidance—to control inflation, employment, and financial stability. It is the primary driver of currency valuations.

Transmission Mechanisms

Rate changes affect borrowing costs, capital flows, and relative yields. Quantitative easing or tightening influences liquidity and risk sentiment. Traders parse central bank statements, minutes, and speeches to anticipate adjustments.

Stay Ahead of Meetings

Build scenarios for each central bank meeting, noting how hawkish or dovish outcomes could move currency pairs.

Interplay with Fiscal Policy

Monetary and fiscal policies interact. Tight monetary policy combined with loose fiscal policy can fuel currency volatility. Monitoring both pillars is critical.

Communication Risk

Unexpected language shifts or press conference remarks often move markets more than the rate decision itself. Trade cautiously around announcements.

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